Оценка конфигурации безопасности (SCA) в Wazuh

<sca>
  <enabled>yes</enabled>
  <scan_on_start>yes</scan_on_start>
  <interval>12h</interval>
  <skip_nfs>yes</skip_nfs>

  <policies>
    <policy>etc/shared/cis_ubuntu22-04.yml</policy>
    <policy>etc/shared/cis_apache_24.yml</policy>
    <policy enabled="no">etc/shared/cis_win2022.yml</policy>
  </policies>
</sca>

policy:
  id: "custom_ssh_hardening"
  file: "ssh_hardening.yml"
  name: "SSH Server Hardening Policy"
  description: "Security checks for OpenSSH server configuration"
  references:
    - https://www.cisecurity.org/benchmark/distribution_independent_linux

requirements:
  title: "Check SSH server is installed"
  description: "Requirements for running the SSH hardening policy"
  condition: any
  rules:
    - 'f:/etc/ssh/sshd_config'
    - 'p:sshd'

variables:
  $sshd_config: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  $pam_dir: /etc/pam.d
  $ssh_service: sshd
  $audit_log: /var/log/auth.log,/var/log/secure

checks:
  - id: 5001
    title: "Ensure SSH root login is disabled"
    description: "The PermitRootLogin parameter specifies if root can log in using SSH"
    rationale: "Disabling root login forces administrators to use personal accounts"
    remediation: "Set PermitRootLogin to no in /etc/ssh/sshd_config"
    compliance:
      - cis: ["5.2.10"]
      - pci_dss: ["2.2.4"]
      - nist_800_53: ["AC.6"]
      - mitre_attack: ["T1078"]
    condition: all
    rules:
      - 'f:$sshd_config -> !r:^# && r:PermitRootLogin\s+no'

# Проверка существования файла
- 'f:/etc/ssh/sshd_config'

# Отрицание - файл НЕ должен существовать
- 'not f:/etc/hosts.equiv'

# Проверка содержимого (точное совпадение)
- 'f:/etc/ssh/sshd_config -> PermitRootLogin no'

# Проверка содержимого (регулярное выражение)
- 'f:/etc/ssh/sshd_config -> r:^PermitRootLogin\s+no'

# Числовое сравнение
- 'f:/etc/ssh/sshd_config -> n:MaxAuthTries\s+(\d+) compare <= 4'

# Составное условие (AND)
- 'f:/etc/ssh/sshd_config -> !r:^# && r:PermitRootLogin && r:no'

# Проверка существования каталога
- 'd:/etc/ssh'

# Поиск файлов по паттерну в каталоге
- 'd:/etc/cron.d -> r:\.cron$'

# Проверка содержимого файлов в каталоге
- 'd:/etc/sudoers.d -> r:NOPASSWD'

# Процесс должен быть запущен
- 'p:sshd'
- 'p:auditd'

# Процесс НЕ должен быть запущен
- 'not p:telnetd'
- 'not p:rshd'

# Проверка вывода команды
- 'c:systemctl is-enabled sshd -> r:enabled'

# Числовое сравнение вывода
- 'c:sshd -T -> n:maxauthtries\s+(\d+) compare <= 4'

# Проверка статуса сервиса
- 'c:systemctl status firewalld -> r:active'

# Проверка прав на файл
- 'c:stat -c %a /etc/shadow -> r:^0?600$'

# Проверка существования ключа
- 'r:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa'

# Проверка значения
- 'r:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa -> LimitBlankPasswordUse -> 1'

# Числовое сравнение
- 'r:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\...\Lsa -> n:LmCompatibilityLevel compare >= 3'

policy:
  id: "web_server_hardening"
  file: "web_server_hardening.yml"
  name: "Web Server Security Hardening"
  description: "Custom security checks for Apache/Nginx web servers"
  references:
    - https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/misc/security_tips.html

requirements:
  title: "Check web server is installed"
  description: "At least one web server must be present"
  condition: any
  rules:
    - 'p:apache2'
    - 'p:httpd'
    - 'p:nginx'

variables:
  $apache_conf: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf,/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  $nginx_conf: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

checks:
  - id: 10001
    title: "Ensure ServerTokens is set to Prod"
    description: "ServerTokens controls the information returned in HTTP headers"
    rationale: "Detailed server information aids attackers in reconnaissance"
    remediation: "Set ServerTokens Prod in the Apache configuration"
    compliance:
      - cis: ["5.13"]
      - pci_dss: ["2.2.4"]
    condition: all
    rules:
      - 'f:$apache_conf -> !r:^# && r:ServerTokens\s+Prod'

  - id: 10002
    title: "Ensure directory listing is disabled"
    description: "Options -Indexes prevents directory listing"
    rationale: "Directory listing exposes file structure to potential attackers"
    remediation: "Add Options -Indexes to directory configuration"
    compliance:
      - cis: ["5.7"]
    condition: all
    rules:
      - 'f:$apache_conf -> !r:^# && r:Options.*-Indexes'

  - id: 10003
    title: "Ensure TRACE method is disabled"
    description: "TraceEnable Off disables HTTP TRACE method"
    rationale: "TRACE method can be used for cross-site tracing attacks"
    remediation: "Set TraceEnable Off in the Apache configuration"
    compliance:
      - cis: ["5.8"]
      - mitre_attack: ["T1190"]
    condition: all
    rules:
      - 'f:$apache_conf -> !r:^# && r:TraceEnable\s+Off'

  - id: 10004
    title: "Ensure Nginx server_tokens is off"
    description: "server_tokens off hides Nginx version in HTTP headers"
    rationale: "Version disclosure assists in targeted exploit selection"
    remediation: "Set server_tokens off in nginx.conf"
    condition: all
    rules:
      - 'f:$nginx_conf -> !r:^# && r:server_tokens\s+off'

  - id: 10005
    title: "Ensure SSL/TLS is configured"
    description: "Web server should use TLS for encrypted communications"
    rationale: "Unencrypted traffic exposes data to interception"
    remediation: "Configure SSL certificate and enable TLS"
    compliance:
      - pci_dss: ["4.1"]
      - nist_800_53: ["SC.8"]
    condition: any
    rules:
      - 'f:$apache_conf -> r:SSLEngine\s+on'
      - 'f:$nginx_conf -> r:ssl_certificate'

<sca>
  <policies>
    <policy>etc/shared/web_server_hardening.yml</policy>
  </policies>
</sca>

/var/ossec/bin/agent_control -r -u <agent_id>

python3 -c "import yaml; yaml.safe_load(open('/var/ossec/etc/shared/policy.yml'))"

grep -A5 '<sca>' /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf

grep sca /var/ossec/logs/ossec.log | tail -20

ls -la /etc/ssh/sshd_config  # пример проверки пути

/var/ossec/bin/agent_control -i <agent_id>

curl -sk -u admin:password https://localhost:9200/_cat/indices | grep sca

curl -sk -u admin:password \
  "https://localhost:9200/wazuh-states-vulnerabilities-*/_search?size=1" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json"

grep -P 'PermitRootLogin\s+no' /etc/ssh/sshd_config